Executive functioning is often described as the “CEO of the brain.” It is a set of mental skills managed by the frontal lobe that allows us to manage ourselves and our resources in order to achieve goals. While we are not born with these skills, we are born with the potential to develop them. For neurodivergent individuals, specifically those with ADHD, these skills may develop differently or require specialized strategies to function effectively.
The 8 Key Domains of Executive Function
Executive functioning isn’t just one thing; it is a complex management system that includes:
- Task Initiation: The ability to “just start” a project without getting stuck in paralysis.
- Working Memory: Holding information in your mind while actively using it (like following multi-step directions).
- Inhibition: Thinking before you act; the ability to resist impulses.
- Emotional Control: Regulating feelings so they don’t derail your productivity or relationships.
- Planning/Prioritization: Deciding what is most important and creating a roadmap to get there.
- Organization: Keeping track of information, physical items, and thoughts.
- Time Management: Having an accurate sense of how much time has passed and how much is needed.
- Metacognition: The ability to “step back” and monitor your own progress or behavior.
Why It Is Crucial to Address Executive Functioning
Addressing executive function (EF) is important because it is the foundation of “Real World” success. When these skills are weak, it creates a significant gap between a person’s intelligence and their actual performance.
1. It Reduces Chronic Stress and Burnout
When EF skills are lagging, daily life feels like an endless series of “emergencies.” Simple tasks like paying a bill or starting a work project become sources of intense anxiety. Strengthening these skills lowers the baseline of stress and prevents the exhaustion associated with “spinning your wheels.”
2. It Protects Self-Esteem
Individuals with EF challenges are often mislabeled as lazy, irresponsible, or unmotivated. Over time, they begin to believe these labels. Addressing EF allows the individual to see that their struggles are biological, not character-based, which is essential for developing an authentic self.
3. It Enhances Relationships
Executive dysfunction often looks like “not caring” to a partner or parent—forgetting anniversaries, missing chores, or losing focus during a conversation. Improving these skills helps individuals communicate more effectively and efficiently, repairing the trust and connection in their personal lives.
4. It Bridges the “Knowledge-Action” Gap
Many people know what they need to do, but their brain won’t let them do it. This is the hallmark of ADHD. EF coaching and therapy provide the external systems and “work-arounds” that allow the brain to move from intention to execution.
As an ADHD-CCSP, Laura helps clients build these “management skills” through a lens of psychological courage.